Archive for July, 2010

Native Mexicans and Americans have used jojoba oil for hair as restorer and conditioner, as well as medicine, food and rituals. It is used as a lubricant because it does not break down under high pressure and temperature. It is also used in the perfume industry and cosmetics.

There is considerable interest in Jojoba oil preparations for stimulating hair growth, although there are no relevant publications. Benefits jojoba oil for hair are by penetrates the skin and fat easily, avoiding the accumulation of sebum and eliminates the possible traffic jam that could degenerate into hair loss.

Jojoba oil is an oil but a liquid wax. It is very stable at extreme temperatures. It is biodegradable, nontoxic and is not stale (it was found that a sample of 25 was chemically the same as a freshly collected seed). Molecular structure has a clean, barely impurities and is polyunsaturated.

Experiments on the effectiveness of hydration have shown that jojoba oil can effectively reduce wrinkles by 26 %, 18 % and 11 % after one, four and eight hours respectively. It has also shown that by using jojoba oil or cosmetics that include jojoba, increases the softness of the skin continuously over 8 hours after application.

Percutaneous absorption studies show that jojoba oil penetrates the skin rapidly. Apparently, the absorption is through the pores and follicles. Since the pores and hair follicles seems to be spreading by the horny layer of skin via a pilosebaceous mechanism, allowing the oils soften the skin from the inside. From there acts with intercellular lipids to reduce water loss. The results of this rapid absorption are that the pores and hair follicles remain open and can function freely. Get the benefits from routine application of jojoba oil: softens skin, increases elasticity and firmness and facilitates the process of skin cell regeneration.

Jojoba is an excellent emollient, fully capable of mixing with sebum. Unlike the highly occlusive substances, significantly reduces transepidermal water loss without completely blocking the transport of gases and water vapor, thereby enabling the optimal functioning of the sweat glands.

Jojoba oil is very effective to control the peel, flaking and dryness of the skin. Because of its ability to mix with sebum, a lipid layer adds no fat to slow the flaking skin to the point where it approaches the effectiveness of mineral oil. It has enormous lubricity and extensibility properties and leaves a velvety skin.

There is a myth that jojoba oil can regrow hair follicles. As in the case of most myths, it seems that there is no basis for that belief. There are some types of baldness are caused by excessive production of sebum in the scalp. The sebum blocks the hair follicles, literally choking them. This eventually causes the loss of the hair shaft and follicle ultimately death. It was found that the benefits of jojoba oil for hair are readily absorbed through the hair follicles. Because of its ability to mix with sebum, Jojoba dissolves and moves the hardened sebum that may be blocking the hair follicle. This cleaning effect allows the follicle resumes its normal operation, as long as it has not been destroyed yet.
The best hair regrowth products for damaged hair that containing jojoba are provides more shine and softness to the hair. Besides acting regenerate hair and dandruff.

An interesting quality of jojoba is its ability to retard sebum excretion in people who have oily skin, although no such mechanism has been determined. It is suspected that jojoba under the dermis can somehow imitate the sebum and thus “fool” the skin and thus stop the production of sebum. Recent studies at Ben Gurion University indicate that Jojoba oil can be helpful in relieving symptoms of psoriasis and acne control access. Further investigations show that could have an affect Jojoba inflammatory under certain conditions.

Jojoba is used especially for people suffering from extreme dehydration and dry skin in older people and those with skin conditions that present imbalances scaling and sebum. The anti -inflammatory qualities of jojoba make it suitable for treating disorders of the skin caused by inflammation.

It is unknown what the effect of jojoba in the growth of skin pathogens. We analyzed the ability of growing in a jojoba oil preparation of five species of bacteria and four species of fungi. Each body was analyzed in at least one of four methods of cultivation. None of the methods used showed evidence of bacterial or fungal growth in the oil and jojoba, but does not appear that jojoba was directly toxic to test organisms. It seems that cell death was due to his inability to use jojoba oil as a primary source of energy and / or nutrition.

Jojoba oil benefits for hair have been tested by recent studies and its have the antioxidant activity. This activity is related to its tocopherol content.

Incoming search terms:

• effects of jojoba oil on hair
• absorption jojoba oil skin
• jojoba for hair oil
• jojoba oil clears blocked follicles
• jojoba oil properties
• the benifits of jojoba oil in black hair

Playing with cut styles, hair color and is related to attention and be unique. What is sought is to look different and why not use our hair as a weapon of seduction. The most common changes include a change in color, highlights the use of lighter wicks or the base color of hair or more radical still going to curl hair, super straight hair or vice versa.

Here a few hair straightening tips for curly hair:
1. Before getting into the shower wet hair with cold water. Pretend you have shampoo in your hair and massage allowing water to pass through all the hair. Then comb.
2. Make a massage on the hair with a cup of milk. This will ensure smoothness. Leave the milk for 1 minute and a half and rinse with warm water.
3. Once we have thoroughly rinsed milk, use a small amount of shampoo and leave it for a minute. Rinse with cold water. Then condition the hair and leave for one minute. Then rinse with warm water.
4. After rinsing shampoo and conditioner, dry towel to remove any droplets of water. Wrap hair in a towel and leave for 5 minutes.
5. Remove the towel and dried with dryer until completely dry.
6. Divide the hair into an upper and lower. Pick the top in a bun uppermost.
7. Hair iron heat to a temperature suitable for the type of hair.
8. In the bottom half of hair spray and massage applied down for a few seconds.
9. Iron the bottom half of hair and apply a bit more finish lacquer and massage. You can also apply some hair shine spray.
10. Finally, repeat with the top half of hair.

After you read hair straightening tips for curly hair, you may make straight hair or no way roller:
1. Apply styling gel, mousse, or hairspray in your hair. Moisten and use the dryer until completely dry.
2. Collect the hair back in multiple sections. Release one section and comb to remove knots. Apply lacquer if the hair is very fine or do not have the curls well.
3. Start with the bottom of the hair, working it toward the top. Twist a small section with the hands forming a spiral or flatten a larger section for loose curls.
4. Using an electric curling iron, hair and close to insert in ensuring that all points are within the curling iron.
5. Screw curling up and hold it for 10 seconds.
6. Open the curling iron and release the curls. Proceed with other sections of hair.
7. Shake the curls and shape the hair with your fingers.

Incoming search terms:

• hair straightening
• hair straightening images

The interferon therapy for multiple sclerosis is the main treatment are depend on what type of immune cell involved in the disease, according to a study by the School of Medicine, Stanford University (USA).

The results, published in the online edition of the journal Nature Medicine ‘, suggests that multiple sclerosis patients benefit from treatment with IFN -beta could be identified before starting therapy.

Interferon -beta (IFN -beta) is widely used against multiple sclerosis but is not always effective and do not know well the reasons why the treatment fails.

The scientists, led by Lawrence Steinman, studied experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, the mouse version of multiple sclerosis, and found that the IFN -beta treatment success was based on the type of immune cell that induced the disease.

If the symptoms were caused by so-called TH1 cells, a type of immune system helpers, IFN -beta worked, but if they participated TH17 cells, another type of immune system helpers, the disease worsened.

The researchers found that patients with multiple sclerosis who do not respond to IFN -beta had a worse disease and higher levels of IL- 17F, a molecule produced by TH17 cells, compared with those who responded.

These results raise the possibility of identifying which patients would be able to benefit from IFN -beta even before treatment begins, a prospect with significant clinical and financial implications.

Incoming search terms:

• treatment failure multiple sclerosis

The decision to have a child is always conditioned by multiple factors, not always rational and probably different from one individual to another. comprehensively analyze would be difficult and beyond the scope of this work, although we must also bear in mind that pregnancy with multiple sclerosis has physical and emotional implications, may influence the both positively and negatively. The disability can lead to disease and in any case, the mentality of the disabled of their limitations, can be an obstacle in the decision on a possible motherhood but, in response, may also be a stimulus to conduct a maternity and test their own femininity, denied on a social level.

Like anyone else, we also see people with multiple sclerosis are important to have the opportunity to choose freely and consciously.

This means, first, to understand and clarify to himself the reasons that lead to a particular choice and be aware and be informed about the changes that consequently experienced.

The relationship with your partner

The impact caused the birth of a baby in the couple in which one member is disabled is the same as any other couple. The period before birth, and then the discovery of the role of parenting, can sometimes lead to greater collusion between the couple, who are sharing daily in changes during pregnancy and then changes itself son. The mixture of joy and worry, waiting for the birth, the couple held each other: first, the mother finds support for the changes you are experiencing (physical and psychological), while the future father comes to perceiving through its partner, the strong emotions of motherhood.

However, we can say that the quality of the couple’s relationship reflects, perhaps amplifying some characteristics, the relationship previously described. However, pregnancy can be the occasion to seek a new balance within the couple, the birth of a child implies a restructuring of family dynamics precedent and common attitudes can be discovered previously.

Perhaps the most important aspect for pregnancy with multiple sclerosis is the need for women to support and understanding from family and one’s partner. Women who have the emotional support of living say the pregnancy of a more satisfactory way. For women with disabilities, the attitude of others is particularly important and may represent a useful support to overcome difficult times or, conversely, an added stressor to those directly linked to pregnancy. Below are some examples:

Many disabled women experience strong conflict to feel dependent on other people: these feelings can escalate during pregnancy because of the physical state because pregnant women often require help to perform activities previously performed by itself. Other women with disabilities, however, find any justification for these feelings during pregnancy, since you live from the psychological level as a normal feature of all pregnant women: all women during pregnancy with multiple sclerosis need extra help and attention, so the experience of a disabled woman is similar to that which is not.

Feelings of stress can be transmitted to future father women. The emotional and father’s work often is increased during pregnancy, especially in situations where disability is present, in addition to practical problems; there is a greater concern for the health of the mother. Perhaps the most stressful situations appear when the couple or other people living pregnancy have the feeling of not being able to help. Undoubtedly, in the field of pregnancy are uncontrollable and unforeseen situations, nevertheless, as we said before, this period may represent an opportunity for partners to share emotions, even if they are unpleasant.

Changes during pregnancy

During nine months of pregnancy are experienced significant physical changes and, consequently, psychological, the latter linked to a different perception of body image and emotions relating to the proximity of motherhood. In the course of pregnancy feelings are different, as the physical, so we can divide time into trimesters of pregnancy to superimpose better with the physical changes to the emotions causes.

The first trimester of pregnancy

It is the period known to be pregnant. Emotional reactions can be diverse: shock, satisfaction, surprise, fear, worry. A woman may experience one of these feelings or, sometimes, feel a plurality of emotional states. In the case of a disabled woman can amplify the initial reactions concern for their own fitness and health of the baby now many concerns arise urgency.

Surprise and sense of disbelief associated with moments of extreme happiness: the emotional ambivalence that period are not necessarily linked to disability , physical and hormonal changes that manifest during pregnancy often result in amplified reactions to everyday situations and changes Sudden mood.

The second trimester of pregnancy

In the first trimester pregnancy is private, the mother who decides she wants to communicate. In the second quarter is visible pregnancy, women should confront the curiosity of the people, congratulations, advice (often free and unsolicited) are not only friends and family but also strangers. It is also time to break the news to people outside, it can be difficult and sometimes embarrassing the news to people who may not understand this choice: a disabled woman pregnant can be seen as an unusual situation and therefore Cause for curiosity. In fact, because of lack of knowledge about disability, many people’s reaction to the news of the pregnancy of a disabled woman is surprise to people not related to disability can be difficult to include pregnancy in a woman for example, which is in a wheelchair.

Other people have no preconceived opinions, but simply note, for many disabled women it is an excellent opportunity to demonstrate the falsity of some beliefs about their condition. These beliefs are nothing but a manifestation of a complex bias linked to the sexuality of disabled people , often the denial of people ’s sexual behaviors are thought to have other problems to think about. Fortunately, as you begin to address this issue with more realism and less shame, thanks also to the disabled themselves, no longer hide their emotions and feelings related to sexuality.

Certainly, the behavior of bewilderment and incomprehension hurt women with disabilities, especially when it comes from family or friends, such feelings can range from fear for the health of the expectant mother into admiration for his courage.

A pregnant woman, regardless of their handicap, to receive from those around her emotional support and share the experience that is living , these feelings, linked to body image to be transformed and self-esteem, have little to do with disability and are shared by all women who experience a pregnancy with multiple sclerosis.

The third trimester of pregnancy

In this quarter are increased feelings about the upcoming birth. Such feelings can be released if the pregnancy is experienced as a period full of difficulty, of anxiety if the desire to see the baby and make sure it is healthy is very intense, scary for the responsibility that represents motherhood. It is, however, a period that also can be experienced as an intense waiting, enjoying all the positive emotions linked to the new birth and sharing with those who are closest.

Incoming search terms:

• couse of physical and psycological change of pregnency
• reactions to pregnancy among disabled women

Initiated Days attendees learned the latest developments in the hands of the neurologist D. Pedro Guardado, who moved in recent months have come new drugs for patients who have developed an outbreak of multiple sclerosis, but for the time being in test phase. It also impacted some of the drugs that slow the development of disease by preventing one of causes resulting in a disability.

By the time stem cell treatment for multiple sclerosis to combat the outbreak and has costly consequences, form application requires for each patient to see a hospital daily, as are treatments that are delivered subcutaneously or intramuscularly. The immediate future is that there are drugs that are being tested for security, but in the words of neurologist “What we need is a more effective drug with fewer side effects and has a simpler method of administration.”

Attendees also learned that good sleep hygiene and tai chi or yoga practice help alleviate some of the consequences of MS. You recommended doing a search on the internet to find sites that offer a solution to aging, Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, multiple sclerosis, autism or macular degeneration. No matter the condition, or that the vast majority of stem cell treatment for multiple sclerosis have not yet had time to demonstrate its effectiveness.

Stem cells have become one of the promises of regenerative medicine and also a business opportunity for many schools that take advantage of the good image of stem cell research. Before these clinics were only in countries with very flexible health legislation, such as China, Singapore, Russia and the Seychelles. Now the “business” of stem cells has been transfer to the heart of Europe. Where the patients present with less suspicion.

The so-called “cell tourism“, booming and concern to health authorities. The European Medicines Agency has issued a warning note in which warns about the range of treatments based on unauthorized use of stem cells. A warning has been endorsed by the Spanish Ministry of Health through its agency of medicine: therapies, apart from being a proven effective, may pose safety problems for patients, “he warns.

The alert is not intended for patients who undergo these treatments in Spain, under the clinical trials in authorized hospitals. In the spotlight are clinics, outside our borders, which offer the promise of healing ailments for which science has yet to show the effectiveness of the cells.

Spanish Drug Agency recalled that treatments are “illegal.” no drug based on stem cells that has been approved for marketing in Spain or the European Union recalls its director. It can only be accessed under compassionate use or clinical trials authorized by special permit.

Outside this framework, the treatments are not safe. “In the best case, this is a fraud because the treatments in clinical research are free of cost. Nor do we know neither the number of cells that are introduced nor whether it is injected serum. In the worst cases, treatment may be dangerous, “he noted.

One of the clinics is now under the watchful eye of the European Medicines Agency in Germany. Regulatory agencies prefer not to point the finger at any center. But if there is one, specializes in cell therapy, which provides treatment for almost all kinds of problems that is XCell Center.

In this clinic stem cells from bone marrow of patients ‘cured’ from such complex diseases as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and macular degeneration as common as erectile dysfunction. For these treatments charged an average of 7,000 euros, although the bill can reach 26,000 euros in the case of Parkinson’s, stroke or cerebral palsy. The process is almost all about the same, an extraction of the patient’s bone marrow and a subsequent injection of their own cells. No home follow-up after recovery.

“They play with the desperation of the sick”, says Augusto Silva, director of the Advanced Therapies Ministry of Health. “Many patients can not expect that the investigation take its course and travel anywhere with the promise of a cure. But Europe can not afford on their territory treatment centers that offer no guarantees and payment of a higher amount.”

No cell therapy has been stripped of its experimental nature. “There are still many questions to be resolved. We need to know how many cells should be used in each condition and patient, where to proceed . Are more concerned that these therapies work, but not scientific guarantees, “insists Smith.

Regulatory agencies have closed similar centers in the United States and in Europe, the Netherlands and Ireland following the inspection of drug agencies. In Germany, schools are investigated by XCell misleading advertising that make their treatment.

There are no reliable data on the number of Spanish patients who have come to be outside our borders. Though just a glimpse through the forums of patients with ALS, MS or ataxia to know that there are anecdotal cases. “It is difficult to quantify an activity that is out of control, recognizes Cristina Avendaño.

Advanced Therapy Unit of the Ministry of Health is also working on a guide for patients and doctors explaining the proper use of cell therapy. The document will be distributed in hospitals and nursing associations.

While the infection caused by rotavirus is almost always mild and in children under 5 years in the most severe cases occur with a combination of constant vomiting and severe diarrhea leading to dehydration.

In the West, better nutrition and intravenous rehydration usually save the boys of this disease. Only in the United States, the virus causes the hospitalization of 55,000 children per year, of which about 20 die annually. Another reality is that in India, where 100 000 children die each year.

Dr. Paul Offit, chief of Infectious Diseases at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (United States ) and one of the developers of the Merck vaccine, said rotavirus symptoms are among the most common causes of hospital admission for winter.

Off it described the case of a young patient who had contracted the virus and fell into a state of semi – consciousness the next day while his mother was stuck in a traffic jam trying to get to hospital. The veins of the child, said the specialist, were so jammed that the surgeon had to have it channeled in the vein of the neck. “In Botswana, that child would have died, “he said.

Extreme care

In 1999, Wyeth withdrew from the U.S. market its vaccine against rotavirus ( Rotashield ) after it accused the company because of patients who had suffered inexplicably intussusception, i.e. the fold of a part of the intestine within another. This results in desperate pain, persistent vomiting and black stools.

A study by the National Institutes of Health in the United States concluded that the vaccine may not have been responsible for the intussusception, as it can be spontaneous and for unknown reasons. However, the final statistics showed that had affected one in 10,000 children.

Now, vaccines from GlaxoSmithKline ( Rotarix ) and Merck, Sharp & Dohme ( RotaTeq ) resulted in few cases of intussusception and no difference between children who had received the vaccine and those who received placebo. Both are oral administration and its composition includes weakened live virus, such as vaccination against polio.

While Glaxo tested its vaccine in children from poor families and average income in Latin America, the Merck study was conducted in rich countries like the United States and Finland, and in countries like Jamaica and Mexico. The first vaccine prevented 85% of severe cases of rotavirus and Merck, 98 percent. In its pilot phase, both vaccines were able to reduce hospitalization for diarrhea.

Dr. Roger I. Glass specialist vaccines the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta ( United States) said that the emergence of these two vaccines is “an amazing fact. Everyone is concerned about the severe acute respiratory syndrome ( SARS) or Ebola, but these diseases did not kill half a million people in a decade and rotavirus kills a million kids per year. “

Incoming search terms:

• black stool rotavirus
• rotavirus vaccine cause black stool

What is rotavirus?
Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe diarrhea and dehydration in children, in both developing and developed countries, with seasonal variation depending on latitude and climate. Specifically, rotavirus is responsible for nearly half of all cases of severe diarrhea requiring hospitalization.

What are the symptoms?
Signs and symptoms of rotavirus infection may include:
Fever
abdominal pain
Vomit
Watery diarrhea

Diarrhea can range from mild, moderate to severe and can last up to nine days.

Who gets rotavirus?
Rotavirus is highly infectious and contagious. It is Affects children around the world beyond their ethnicity, culture, social class or socioeconomic status. Mostly against rotavirus gastroenteritis among 4 to 36 months of age, this age group making up the risk group most exposed and vulnerable to disease.

How is rotavirus?
The primary mode of transmission is fecal -oral. Since the virus is stable in the environment, transmission can occur through ingestion of contaminated food or water, and contact with contaminated surfaces (such as a diaper, a toy or a pillow.) Infection can occur even in places where there are adequate levels of hygiene,

Where does the rotavirus?
The incidence is similar in developing countries and developed countries. Infection can occur even in places where there are adequate levels of hygiene, which suggests that differences in the environment (water, hygiene and sanitation) do not affect incidence.

When a child gets rotavirus?
Because it is so contagious and difficult to control over 95 % of children worldwide will become infected between 3 and 5 years of age. The highest rates of infection occur in children between 4 and 36 months of age who also have the highest risk of severe illness requiring hospitalization.

What is the severity of rotavirus infection?
The rotavirus can result in severe complications rapidly since those virus infections can cause significant loss of body fluids. If rotavirus disease is not immediately and properly managed it can lead to serious consequences such as dehydration, which can lead to hypovolemia (decrease of the normal amount of blood), circulatory collapse and even death. The risk of serious complications and death from rotavirus infection is higher in children than in adults.

What is the potential impact of rotavirus?
Each year, rotavirus causes approximately 440,000 deaths of children around the world. Most of these deaths occur in developing countries, while mortality from rotavirus infection is rare in developed countries. Rotavirus is the main cause of diarrhea requiring hospitalization and it is estimated that rotavirus causes one third of all diarrhea in children. In Latin America, it is estimated that rotavirus diarrhea is responsible for more than 15,000 deaths and 75,000 hospitalizations per year.

What to cope with a rotavirus infection?
Be alert to signs of dehydration: irritability, loss of appetite and dry mouth.
Managing the child infected fluids frequently to replace fluid loss from vomiting and diarrhea. When a child has severe diarrhea in phase is common for vomiting and diarrhea episodes occur with a frequency of up to 20 days. It is likely to be severe dehydration quickly hospitalized to receive intravenous fluids. Children with rotavirus usually receive supportive treatments that manage the symptoms and complications of the disease. Dehydration is usually treated through oral rehydration therapy.

Rotavirus treatment
What is rotavirus vaccine from MSD ?
This is a pentavalent oral vaccine to prevent rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants and children caused by serotypes G1, G2, G3, G4 and G serotypes that contain P1 ( as the G9 ).
As protection against natural rotavirus infection is largely specific to each serotype in Merck’s rotavirus vaccine have been selected human rotavirus serotypes G1, G2, G3, G4 and P1 because these strains caused about 90 % Of rotavirus disease in 1996-1999 in the United States and more than 88 % of them throughout the world between 1973 and 2003.

How is?
The vaccination schedule of Merck’s rotavirus vaccine consists of three oral liquid doses. The first dose should be administered at six to twelve weeks of age and subsequent doses should be administered at intervals of at least four weeks.

What studies were conducted with the vaccine?
The vaccine has been extensively evaluated in large study REST ( Rotavirus Efficacy and Safety Trial – Trial of the Efficacy and Safety Rotavirus), which included 70.301 children aged 6-12 weeks old, was released on January 5 2006 by the prestigious scientific journal New England Journal of Medicine. Study was a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized, conducted in 2001-2004 in 11 countries (Germany, Belgium, Costa Rica, United States [ including Puerto Rico ], Finland, Guatemala, Italy, Jamaica, Mexico, Sweden and Taiwan).

In REST the dose of Merck’s rotavirus vaccine consisted of three oral doses, delivered at intervals of four to ten weeks, the first dose administered at age six to twelve weeks.

What is the effectiveness of the vaccine?
In REST, which included 70.301 children, Merck’s rotavirus vaccine was shown to be very effective:

In a cohort of efficacy ( n = 5.673 )
74 % effective in preventing all cases of rotavirus gastroenteritis
98% effective in preventing severe cases of rotavirus gastroenteritis

In a cohort of health resource use (n = 57.134 )
96 % reduction in hospitalizations
94 % reduction in emergency visits
95 % reduction in hospitalizations / ER visits
87 % reduction in lost work days
86 % reduction in lost work days

What is the safety and tolerability profile of the vaccine?
In clinical studies has been generally well tolerated. The safety profile of this vaccine has been extensively tested in the large study REST ( Rotavirus Efficacy and Safety Trial – Trial of the Efficacy and Safety Rotavirus). REST is a comparative study with placebo and included 70.301 children.

The study was carried out active surveillance to identify potential cases of intussusception ( abnormal introduction of a portion of the intestine into another) of 7, 14 and 42 after each dose, and then every six weeks during the year following the first dose.
The Merck’s rotavirus vaccine did not increase the risk of intussusception compared to placebo. There were no confirmed cases of intussusception during the period of 42 days after the first dose and no accumulation of cases among vaccinated at any time after either dose. After follow up one year, reported four cases of intussusception in children who had received placebo during the study.

Incoming search terms:

• PREGNANCY WITH ROTAVIRUS INFECTION

The nervous system is one of the most difficult parts of the body to operate. It is not easily accessible, not well known and imprecision can cause serious squeal. Therefore the combined imaging technologies are essential aid for neurosurgery. The most sophisticated devices of this type are neuronavigation because they allow acting with a margin of error of a millimeter in very delicate.

The commitment to these technologies is expensive. One of the devices for more advanced cerebral involvement is completed with other instruments for the column and lungs. In total, more than a million euros of investment. The neuronavigation in neurosurgery has greatly facilitated. It brings precision and safety. Although the physician recognizes that they must not be fascinated by everything new. There are no efficacy studies, but the impression of neurosurgeons have less difficulty in operating, they get in increasingly difficult cases and mortality and morbidity is much less. In the hospital performed the first brain stimulation intervention in Spain in 2004 there has been about 700 such operations.

The next step is to act not only in the brain, but on the spinal cord. And this hospital has, since last July, the only column neuronavigation equipment in public health. Working in with this equipment has the advantage that access is easier, and once the intervention has been made, you can check if the screws are placed, or otherwise fix it in the same act surgery.

Incoming search terms:

• neuronavigation advantage
• brain neuronavigation
• neuro navigation system
• neuronavigation: equipment