cancer

Surgeons at the Mayo Clinic reported the first positive results of surgical treatment liver metastases of colorectal cancer, a disease considered to then as incurable, and from then until now have treated thousands of obtaining such patients survival at 5 years of surgery by 30-40%, and 10 years of 20-25%.

Surgical Treatment of Liver Metastases of colorectal cancer has gone through three phases very similar to those of clinical trials of new drugs. In the years 70, in a first phase (similar to Phase I trials in which values toxicity), was documented mortality for resection of metastases less than 10% liver. In the 80’s, in a second phase (similar to a Phase II trials in which response is measured), several authors resection showed improved survival of patients compared with the natural evolution of the disease. Finally, no one considered unethical to conduct a third phase to compare the new treatment with a control group (as is done in Phase III trials) because it shown good results with resection surgery.

The most appropriate indication of colorectal cancer treatment should be performed by a multidisciplinary team that includes radiologists, gastroenterologists, pathologists, oncologists and surgeons, as in our hospital since 1999 in which was the Gastrointestinal Tumor Unit. At present, there is enough Experience in retrospective studies to consider resection liver as treatment of choice for some patients with liver metastases of colorectal cancer, so it does not offer this therapeutic option where indicated, can be considered malpractice. Therefore, concepts of “classical” inoperable cancer liver metastases.

Colorectal should be abandoned and only a specially trained surgeon discard the resectability of metastases, a decision that does not depend exclusively either the number or size, or bilateral location injuries.

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The types of cancer that can spread more easily to the liver include colorectal, pancreatic, gastric and esophageal cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer and melanoma among others. The causes vary and depend on the spread of blood flow and certain characteristics of the different kinds of cancer cells, while cancers of the gastrointestinal tract often spread to the liver because blood flows directly from these organs to the liver, melanoma spreads to the liver through the blood vessels of the body. Symptoms of liver metastases can be: weight loss, pain in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen, jaundice, fever, sweating and nausea order to proceed with their diagnosis, were made the following tests: Test of bilirubin in blood tests liver function tests, CT or MRI, PET and ultrasound of the liver.

Once diagnosed, treatment depends on the primary site of cancer site, extent of spread to the liver, if it has spread to other organs and the patient. When cancer has spread to both the liver and other organs, systemic chemotherapy is used to treat the whole body. If, on the contrary, the spread is only in the liver, chemotherapy is used and attempt surgical removal. Another option is the use of toxic injection or radiofrequency waves to destroy tumors. Prognosis, it depends on where the primary cancer and the extent of spread to the liver. In a few cases, the healing of patients is achieved by surgical removal of metastases. In most cases, the metastatic liver tumor is not curable, although the above treatments can help shrink tumors, improve life expectancy and relieve symptoms.

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Unlike other cancers, breast cancer is strongly influenced by our endocrine status, and more specifically by estrogen, the elimination at the end of its useful life is determined by the condition of the liver and intestines.

Unlike other cancers, breast cancer is strongly influenced by our endocrine status, and more specifically by the hormone estrogen stimulating cell replication in adulthood contributes to tissue regeneration. The sensitivity of breast cells to estrogen stimulation is due to the high concentration of estrogen receptors in their membranes.

These hormones are synthesized by the ovaries, but also by body fat. Once life is eliminated through the liver and the bile after conversion it into other metabolites. Just as there are several types of cholesterol, “good” (HDL) and “bad” (LDL), estrogen is also “good” and “bad.” The first are those that promote breast cancer, the second is not. Dairy products, because it contains growth hormones and pesticides for their effect of estrogen mimics and there are also a hormonal effect.

There are three types of estrogen: estrone, estradiol and estriol. The first two (especially estradiol) stimulate cell growth in breast, no estriol. After completing its life, estrone and estradiol are processed in the liver in estrogen C2 (good estrogen), C16 (bad estrogen) and estriol. The C2 is safe, while C16 is a cancer promoter. It is in the blood of women with breast cancer at higher levels than women without this disorder.

It is important to keep your liver health in the prevention of breast cancer, the condition of the liver is critical in how this conversion occurs. If you are in good condition, the conversion process will be more effective, increasing the production of good estrogen (estriol, C2), and decreasing the “bad estrogen (estrone, estradiol and C16). It has been found, for example, that the indole-3-carbinol (found in cruciferous broccoli, cabbage, brussels sprouts, radishes, etc.), Estrogen production decreases “bad” (C16) and estrogen increases “good” (C2, estriol).

A second phase of elimination is the gut. The excess estrogen are linked to dietary fiber and eliminated in the feces. It promotes slow transient intestinal putrefaction and the reabsorption of estrogen by the intestinal mucosa. An excess of animal fats that estrogen promotes is free in the intestine and the same thing happen.

The liver is also the key organ for detoxification of blood. The more toxic to debug, the greater overload may affect their work estrogen eliminator. Housewives know it is much more practical not to mess to clean up. With the liver’s the same: it is important to reduce their work, avoiding as far as possible what intoxicates: snuff, alcohol, pesticides, saturated and animal fats, smoked and braised foods, excess carbohydrates fast (candy, pastries, etc.) fat dairy products, chemicals, etc.

In addition to a clean diet, low fat and high in dietary fiber (vegetables, fruits, whole grains, organically grown vegetables …) can also be use beneficial foods to the liver: A vegetable is traditionally used to improve liver is Artichoke function. It has a cell regenerating liver and gallbladder stimulant and hypercholesterolemic. Blisters can be found in juice in combination with black radish, also interesting for its beneficial action on the liver and gallbladder. The chicory is a bitter vegetable with beneficial effects on the liver, and easily incorporated into salads.

Among the medicinal plants that help purify and improve liver function include: the Dandelion, For its hepato-renal cleansing properties, the Milk Thistle, Which increases the speed with which the liver removes toxins through the bile and helps liver cells regenerate, the Mint for its cooling effect on the liver decongestant, the Fumaria because it promotes the secretion and biliary drainage and has antispasmodic properties. Often part of formulas complete and balance the effect. It takes a certain time in addition to a cleanup plan, but has limited effectiveness if the dietary and lifestyle habits are unhealthy and are not modified.

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Researchers at the University of California Riverside (USA) led by Dr. Manuela Martins-Green, Professor of Cell Biology in Riverside could lead to new therapies from pomegranate juice and cancer metastasis, explained their responsibilities in the course of the 50 th Annual Meeting of the American Society Cell Biology, held these days in Philadelphia (USA).

They have been identified pomegranate juice components that are able to inhibit the movement of cancer cells and weaken their attraction to a chemical signal that promotes prostate cancer metastasis to bone.

The researchers applied pomegranate juice benefits for prostate cancer cells grown in the laboratory and resistant to testosterone. They found that tumor cells treated with the juice of this fruit that had not died with the treatment showed greater cell adhesion and decreased cell migration.

The researchers identified active ingredients in pomegranate juice with molecular impact of cell adhesion and migration in metastatic cells of prostate cancer: phenylpropanoids, hidrobenzoico acids, flavones and conjugated fatty acids.

“Once identified, you can modify the components that inhibit cancer pomegranate juice to improve its function and be more effective in the prevention of prostate cancer metastasis, leading to more effective drug treatments,” explains Martins-Green.

According to this expert, “it is shown that pomegranate juice inhibits the function of this protein, so it has the potential to prevent metastasis of prostate cancer cells to bone.”

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After the therapy, High Intensity Focused Ultrasound was introduced into the environment of medicine, opened a new and effective option for fight against prostate cancer treatment of localized cancers, also for those patients who have failed other treatments located such as brachytherapy or cryotherapy and RT.

By Gilberto Chechile, A urologist who specializes has already tested this revolutionary treatment, The patients are treated with external beam radiation they are limited to undergo further treatment in the future. The external radiotherapy is one of the treatments used in the treatment of localized prostate cancer, And failure rate for this treatment is approximately thirty percent. Then these patients are left with a very limited possibilities for the treatment of their disease as not recommended (In general) radical surgery because tends to bring complications for patients after performing. This is the motive driving the implementation of this new method (HIFU) to treat the problem of prostate cancer.

This new treatment prevents tumor growth by fifty percent of patients and in an eighty percent, if low-risk initial tumor. This is a useful method for patients who have failed radiation therapy, Being a bit aggressive treatment with a fifty percent control over the tumor.

Assess the current state of the use of High frequency Ultrasound (HIFU) in the treatment of prostatic cancer (Cap).

HIFU technology is currently being implemented and regularly in Europe in the treatment of PC. The main indications today are twofold: the application of HIFU therapy as a first step and as rescue therapy in post-radiotherapy recurrences. The works are based on developing clinical teams. Although recent reports suggest that HIFU treatment is a form useful for the Cap well and moderately differentiated, there is still no comparisons between this minimal invasive therapy with standard treatments. Continue finding disparity when the definition of disease-free survival (DFS), which makes the interpretation of results and drawing conclusions.

The experience of specialized working groups HIFU is highly promising. An important fact to emphasize is its great capacity of tumor necrosis both in cases in primary and post-radiotherapy recurrences. To draw conclusions medium to long term we must generate randomized, controlled clinical trials with sufficient follow-up to measure benefits in terms of overall survival and quality of life (balance adverse effects / benefits), make comparisons with standard therapies and standardize the criteria for defining of SLE.

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