About one third of patients with ulcerative colitis require surgery during their illness. Surgery is the only treatment that provides a definitive cure for this disease, although the price is the loss of the large intestine.

There are some ulcerative colitis surgery complications, we must give attention with:

- A severe acute attack, which does not respond to intensive medical treatment.

- Complications of type of toxic megacolon, colon perforation or massive bleeding per year. Massive hemorrhage is rare, but it is not toxic megacolon, which affects nearly 5% of patients. The latter is a paralysis of the muscles of the walls of the colon. For this reason, the colon gradually expands, absorbing toxins from within and sometimes even reaches your wall perforated (burst), causing a severe peritonitis, which can be fatal and requires immediate surgery. Sometimes the perforation is very small and leads only to a peritoneal abscess (pocket of pus), which can be drained (emptied of pus) by needle aspiration under radiological or surgical intervention semiurgente.

- Chronic disease that produces progressive malnutrition with wasting or stunting in children.

- Bowel cancer risk or very important you get this. The cancer that occurs in this disease is more evil than the normal large bowel cancer, so it is necessary to make regular checks to catch it early. There are a number of factors that increase the risk (e.g. disease onset before 25 years, very extensive or active disease, etc.), which require individual assessment and intervention can make recommendations even when there still appeared cancer.

- Serious UC surgery complications in organs other than the colon (e.g., liver, skin or joints).

The standard intervention is the total proctocolectomy (removal of the entire colon and terminal portion of the rectum). After removal of the rectum, it is necessary to provide an alternative for waste to go outside. This is accomplished by advocating the terminal end of the ileum to the abdominal wall (ileostomy). There are two methods. One is the classical ileostomy (also called “Brooke”), and the other is the continent ileostomy (also called “de Kock”), which involves the construction of a reservoir that stores stool, allowing its output will control the abroad. To remove the rectum may damage some of the nerves responsible for erection, so that a small percentage of men undergoing this procedure developed sexual impotence.

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